Tim Olimpiade Astronomi Indonesia Kota Banjar

Selamat Datang

2009-03-18T15:37:00.000-07:00

SENEBIAN FAMILY

Ide mendirikan TOAI KOBA (Tim Olimpiade Astronomi Indonesia Kota Banjar) untuk mengikuti turnamen yang paling berbobot dalam bidang sains ini berasal dari kelompok mahasiswa-mahasiswa alumni sekolah menengah atas Kota Banjar yang sedang melajutkan studinya di berbagai bidang disiplin ilmu.

Kami merasakan bahwa sesungguhnya impian, harapan, motivasi dan rasa antusiasme yang tinggi terhadap cita-cita menjadi modal utama untuk maju.

Semoga web-blog ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua.

Visi

Mengantarkan Pelajar Kota Banjar Menjuarai Kompetisi Ilmiah Astronomi
dan
Mentafakuri Kekuasaan Maha Pencipta

Misi & RENSTRA

Rencana Strategis

1. Pembangunan Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Astro Fisika d

a. Pengembangan Kurikulum Astrofisika
b. Pengembangan Sylabus Pendidikan Astrofisika
c. Riset, analisa dan pengembangan soal-soal Kompetisi Astrofisika

2. Kerjasama dengan Organisasi Keantariksaan Local, Nasional dan International
(Departemen Pendidikan Fisika UPI, Cakrawala UPI, Departemen Astronomi ITB, Jogja Astro Club, Lapan, MIT Open Course Ware dan Forum NASA bagi Para Guru)

3. Melakukan pengamatan (Observasi) terhadap gejala-gejala Astrofisika dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari

Hubungan

Jogja Astro Club (JAC)

Rukyat Hilal Indonesia

Falak Muhammadiyah

Langit Selatan dot Com

CASA Assalam - Solo

HAAJ (Jakarta)

Observatorium Bosscha

Astronomy @ Wikipedia

Observatorium Bosscha merupakan salah satu tempat peneropongan bintang tertua di Indonesia. Observatorium Bosscha berlokasi di Lembang, Jawa Barat, sekitar 15 km di bagian utara Kota Bandung dengan koordinat geografis 107° 36' Bujur Timur dan 6° 49' Lintang Selatan. Tempat ini berdiri di atas tanah seluas 6 hektar, dan berada pada ketinggian 1310 meter di atas permukaan laut atau pada ketinggian 630 m dari plato Bandung. Kode observatorium Persatuan Astronomi Internasional untuk observatorium Bosscha adalah 299.

Theoretical astronomy

Theoretical astronomers use a wide variety of tools which include analytical models(for example, polytropesto approximate the behaviors of a star) and computational numerical simulations. Each has some advantages. Analytical models of a process are generally better for giving insight into the heart of what is going on. Numerical models can reveal the existence of phenomena and effects that would otherwise not be seen.Theorists in astronomy endeavor to create theoretical models and figure out the observational consequences of those models. This helps observers look for data that can refute a model or help in choosing between several alternate or conflicting models. Theorists also try to generate or modify models to take into account new data. In the case of an inconsistency, the general tendency is to try to make minimal modifications to the model to fit the data. In some cases, a large amount of inconsistent data over time may lead to total abandonment of a model. Topics studied by theoretical astronomers include: stellar dynamicsand evolution; galaxy formation; large-scale structureof matterin the Universe; origin of cosmic rays; general relativityand physical cosmology, including stringcosmology and astroparticle physics. Astrophysical relativity serves as a tool to gauge the properties of large scale structures for which gravitation plays a significant role in physical phenomena investigated and as the basis for black hole(astro)physicsand the study of gravitational waves. Some widely accepted and studied theories and models in astronomy, now included in the Lambda-CDM modelare the Big Bang, Cosmic inflation, dark matter, and fundamental theories of physics. A few examples of this process:

Nucleosynthesis

Physical process	Experimental tool	Theoretical model	Explains/predicts
Gravitation	Radio telescopes	Self-gravitating system	Emergence of a star system
Nuclear fusion	Spectroscopy	Stellar evolution	How the stars shine and how metals formed
The Big Bang	Hubble Space Telescope, COBE	Expanding universe	Age of the Universe
Quantum fluctuations		Cosmic inflation	Flatness problem
Gravitational collapse	X-ray astronomy	General relativity	Black holes at the center of Andromeda galaxy
CNO cycle in stars

Dark matter and dark energy are the current leading topics in astronomy, as their discovery and controversy originated during the study of the galaxies.

Soal Olimpiade Astronomi

Hazarry bin Haji Ali Ahmad

Amateur astronomy

Amateur astronomy, a subset of astronomy, is a hobby whose participants enjoy studying and observing celestial objects.

Overview

The typical amateur astronomer is one who does not depend on the field of astronomy as a primary source of income or support, and does not have a professional degree or advanced academic training. Many amateurs are beginners, while others have a high degree of experience in astronomy and often assist and work alongside professional astronomers.

Amateur astronomy is usually associated with viewing the night sky when most celestial objects and events are visible, but sometimes amateur astronomers also operate during the day for events such as sunspots and solar eclipses. Amateur astronomers often look at the sky using nothing more than their eyes, but common tools for amateur astronomy include portable telescopes and binoculars.

People have studied the sky throughout history in an amateur framework, without any formal method of funding. It is only within about the past century, however, that amateur astronomy has become an activity clearly distinguished from professional astronomy, and other related activities.

Amateur astronomy objectives

Collectively, amateur astronomers observe a variety of celestial objects and phenomena. Common targets of amateur astronomers include the Moon, planets, stars, comets, meteor showers, and a variety of deep sky objects such as star clusters, galaxies, and nebulae. Many amateurs like to specialise in observing particular objects, types of objects, or types of events which interest them. One branch of amateur astronomy, amateur astrophotography, involves the taking of photos of the night sky. Astrophotography has become more popular for amateurs in recent times, as relatively sophisticated equipment, such as high quality CCD cameras, has become more affordable.

Most amateurs work at visible wavelengths, but a small minority experiment with wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. The pioneer of amateur radio astronomy was Karl Jansky who started observing the sky at radio wavelengths in the 1930s, and interest has increased over time. Non-visual amateur astronomy includes the use of infrared filters on conventional telescopes, and also the use of radio telescopes. Some amateur astronomers use home-made radio telescopes, while others use radio telescopes that were originally built for astronomy research but have since been made available for use by amateurs. The One-Mile Telescope is one such example.

Common tools

Amateur astronomers use a range of instruments to study the sky, depending on a combination of their interests and resources. Methods include simply looking at the night sky with the naked eye, using binoculars, and using a variety of optical telescopes of varying power and quality, as well as additional sophisticated equipment, such as cameras, to study light from the sky in both the visual and non-visual parts of the spectrum. Commercial telescopes are available and used, but in some places it is also common for amateur astronomers to build (or commission the building of) their own custom telescope. Some people even focus on amateur telescope making as their primary interest within the hobby of amateur astronomy.

Although specialised and experienced amateur astronomers tend to acquire more specialised and more powerful equipment over time, relatively simple equipment is often preferred for certain tasks. Binoculars, for instance, although generally of lower power than the majority of telescopes, also tend to provide a wider field of view, which is preferable for looking at some objects in the night sky.

Amateur astronomers also use star charts that, depending on experience and intentions, may range from simple planispheres through to detailed charts of very specific areas of the night sky. A range of astronomy software is available and used by amateur astronomers, including software that generates maps of the sky, software to assist with astrophotography, observation scheduling software, and software to perform various calculations pertaining to astronomical phenomena.

Amateur astronomers often like to keep records of their observations, which usually takes the form of an observing log. Observing logs typically record details about which objects were observed and when, as well as describing the details that were seen. Sketching is sometimes used within logs, and photographic records of observations have also been used in recent times.

The Internet is an essential tool of amateur astronomers. Almost all astronomy clubs, even those with very few members, have a web site. The popularity of CCD imaging among amateurs has lead to large numbers of web sites being written by individuals about their images and equipment. Much of the social interaction of amateur astronomy occurs on mailing lists or discussion groups. Discussion group servers host numerous astronomy lists. A great deal of the commerce of amateur astronomy, the buying and selling of equipment, occurs online. Many amateurs use online tools to plan their nightly observing sessions using tools such as the Clear Sky Chart.

Common techniques

While a number of interesting celestial objects are readily identified by the naked eye, sometimes with the aid of a star chart, many others are so faint or inconspicuous that technical means are necessary to locate them. Many methods are used in amateur astronomy, but most are variations of a few specific techniques.

Star hopping

Main article: star hopping

Star hopping is a method often used by amateur astronomers with low-tech equipment such as binoculars or a manually driven telescope. It involves the use of maps (or memory) to locate known landmark stars, and "hopping" between them, often with the aid of a finderscope. Because of its simplicity, star hopping is a very common method for finding objects that are close to naked-eye stars.

More advanced methods of locating objects in the sky include telescope mounts with setting circles, which assist with pointing telescopes to positions in the sky that are known to contain objects of interest, and GOTO telescopes, which are fully automated telescopes that are capable of locating objects on demand (having first been calibrated).

Setting circles

Main article: setting circle

Setting circles are angular measurement scales that can be placed on the two main rotation axes of some telescopes. Since the widespread adoption of digital setting circles, any classical engraved setting circle is now specifically identified as an "analog setting circle" (ASC). By knowing the coordinates of an object (usually given in equatorial coordinates), the telescope user can use the setting circle to align the telescope in the appropriate direction before looking through its eyepiece. A computerized setting circle is called a "digital setting circle" (DSC). Although digital setting circles can be used to display a telescope's RA and Dec coordinates, they are not simply a digital read-out of what can be seen on the telescope's analog setting circles. As with go-to telescopes, digital setting circle computers (commercial names include Argo Navis, Sky Commander, and NGC Max) contain databases of tens of thousands of celestial objects and projections of planet positions.

To find an object, such as globular cluster NGC 6712, one does not need to look up the RA and Dec coordinates in a book, and then move the telescope to those numerical readings. Rather, the object is chosen from the database and arrow markers appear in the display which indicate the direction to move the telescope. The telescope is moved until the distance value reaches zero. When both the RA and Dec axes are thus "zeroed out", the object should be in the eyepiece. The user therefore does not have to go back and forth from some other database (such as a book or laptop) to match the desired object's listed coordinates to the coordinates on the telescope. However, many DSCs, and also go-to systems, can work in conjunction with laptop sky programs.

Computerized systems provide the further advantage of computing coordinate precession. Traditional printed sources are subtitled by the epoch year, which refers to the positions of celestial objects at a given time to the nearest year (e.g., J2005, J2007). Most such printed sources have been updated for intervals of only about every fifty years (e.g., J1900, J1950, J2000). Computerized sources, on the other hand, are able to calculate the right ascension and declination of the "epoch of date" to the exact instant of observation.

GoTo telescopes

Main article: GoTo (telescopes)

GOTO telescopes have become more popular in recent times^. as technology has improved and prices have been reduced. With these computer-driven telescopes, the user typically enters the name of the item of interest and the mechanics of the telescope point the telescope towards that item automatically. They have several notable advantages for amateur astronomers intent on research. For example, GOTO telescopes tend to be faster for locating items of interest than star hopping, allowing more time for studying of the object. GOTO also allows manufacturers to add equatorial tracking to mechanically simpler alt-azmuth telescope mounts, allowing them to produce an over all less expensive product.

Because GOTO telescopes have become increasingly affordable, a new type of beginning amateur astronomer has emerged, in that GOTO telescopes offer a form of instant gratification, sometimes allowing difficult objects to be found quickly without requiring the experience of learning to find them.

Imaging techniques

Amateur astronomers engage in many imaging techniques including film and CCD astrophotography. Because CCD imagers are linear, image processing may be used to subtract away the effects of light pollution, which has increased the popularity of astrophotography in urban areas.

Scientific research

Scientific research is most often not the main goal for many amateur astronomers, unlike professional astronomy. Work of scientific merit is possible, however, and many amateurs successfully contribute to the knowledge base of professional astronomers. Astronomy is sometimes promoted as one of the few remaining sciences for which amateurs can still contribute useful data. To recognise this, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific annually gives Amateur Achievement Awards for significant contributions to astronomy by amateurs.

The majority of scientific contributions by amateur astronomers are in the area of data collection. In particular, this applies where large numbers of amateur astronomers with small telescopes are more effective than the relatively small number of large telescopes that are available to professional astronomers. Several organisations, such as the Center for Backyard Astrophysics, exist to help coordinate these contributions.

Amateur astronomers often contribute toward activities such as monitoring the changes in brightness of variable stars, helping to track asteroids, and observing occultations to determine both the shape of asteroids and the shape of the terrain on the apparent edge of the Moon as seen from Earth. With more advanced equipment, but still cheap in comparison to professional setups, amateur astronomers can measure the light spectrum emitted from astronomical objects, which can yield high-quality scientific data if the measurements are performed with due care. A relatively recent role for amateur astronomers is searching for overlooked phenomena (e.g., Kreutz Sungrazers) in the vast libraries of digital images and other data captured by Earth and space based observatories, much of which is available over the Internet.

In the past and present, amateur astronomers have played a major role in discovering new comets. Recently however, funding of projects such as the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research and Near Earth Asteroid Tracking projects has meant that most comets are now discovered by automated systems, long before it is possible for amateurs to see them.

Societies

There is a large number of amateur astronomical societies around the world that serve as a meeting point for those interested in amateur astronomy, whether they be people who are actively interested in observing or "armchair astronomers" who may be simply interested in the topic. Societies range widely in their goals, depending on a variety of factors such as geographic spread, local circumstances, size, and membership. For instance, a local society in the middle of a large city may have regular meetings with speakers, focusing less on observing the night sky if the membership is less able to observe due to factors such as light pollution.

It is common for local societies to hold regular meetings, which may include activities such as star parties or presentations. Societies are also a meeting point for people with particular interests, such as amateur telescope making.

Astronomi

2008-07-24T07:18:00.000-07:00

Add & Edited By:
Arip Nurahman
Department of Physics Education
Indonesia University of Education
Sumber: Wikipedia

Astronomi, yang secara etimologi berarti "ilmu bintang" (dari Yunani: άστρο, + νόμος), adalah ilmu yang melibatkan pengamatan dan penjelasan kejadian yang terjadi di luar Bumi dan atmosfernya. Ilmu ini mempelajari asal-usul, evolusi, sifat fisik dan kimiawi benda-benda yang bisa dilihat di langit (dan di luar Bumi), juga proses yang melibatkan mereka.

Selama sebagian abad ke-20, astronomi dianggap terpilah menjadi astrometri, mekanika langit, dan astrofisika. Status tinggi sekarang yang dimiliki astrofisika bisa tercermin dalam nama jurusan universitas dan institut yang dilibatkan di penelitian astronomis: yang paling tua adalah tanpa kecuali bagian 'Astronomi' dan institut, yang paling baru cenderung memasukkan astrofisika di nama mereka, kadang-kadang mengeluarkan kata astronomi, untuk menekankan sifat penelitiannya. Selanjutnya, penelitian astrofisika, secara khususnya astrofisika teoretis, bisa dilakukan oleh orang yang berlatar belakang ilmu fisika atau matematika daripada astronomi.

Astronomi adalah salah satu di antara sedikit ilmu pengetahuan di mana amatir masih memainkan peran aktif, khususnya dalam hal penemuan dan pengamatan fenomena sementara. Astronomi jangan dikelirukan dengan astrologi, ilmusemu yang mengasumsikan bahwa takdir manusia dapat dikaitkan dengan letak benda-benda astronomis di langit. Meskipun memiliki asal-muasal yang sama, kedua bidang ini sangat berbeda; astronom menggunakan metode ilmiah, sedangkan astrolog tidak.

Daftar isi

Cabang-cabang astronomi

Astronomy dipisahkan ke dalam cabang. Perbedaan pertama di antara 'teoretis dan observational' astronomi. Pengamat menggunakan berbagai jenis alat untuk mendapatkan data tentang gejala, data yang kemudian dipergunakan oleh teoretikus untuk 'membuat' teori dan model, menerangkan pengamatan dan memperkirakan yang baru.

Bidang yang dipelajari juga dikategorikan menjadi dua cara yang berbeda: dengan 'subyek', biasanya menurut daerah angkasa (misalnya Astronomi Galaksi) atau 'masalah' (seperti pembentukan bintang atau kosmologi); atau dari cara yang dipergunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi (pada hakekatnya, daerah di mana spektrum elektromagnetik dipakai). Pembagian pertama bisa diterapkan kepada baik pengamat maupun teoretikus, tetapi pembagian kedua ini hanya berlaku bagi pengamat (dengan tak sempurna), selama teoretikus mencoba menggunakan informasi yang ada, di semua panjang gelombang, dan pengamat sering mengamati di lebih dari satu daerah spektrum.

Berdasarkan subyek atau masalah

Astrometri: penelitian posisi benda di langit dan perubahan posisi mereka. Mendefinisikan sistem koordinat yang dipakai dan kinematika dari benda-benda di galaksi kita.
Kosmologi: penelitian alam semesta sebagai seluruh dan evolusinya.
Fisika galaksi: penelitian struktur dan bagian galaksi kita dan galaksi lain.
Astronomi ekstragalaksi: penelitian benda (sebagian besar galaksi) di luar galaksi kita.
Pembentukan galaksi dan evolusi: penelitian pembentukan galaksi, dan evolusi mereka.
Ilmu planet: penelitian planet dan tata surya.
Fisika bintang: penelitian struktur bintang.
Evolusi bintang: penelitian evolusi bintang dari pembentukan mereka sampai akhir mereka sebagai bintang sisa.
Pembentukan bintang: penelitian kondisi dan proses yang menyebabkan pembentukan bintang di dalam awan gas, dan proses pembentukan itu sendiri.

Juga, ada disiplin lain yang mungkin dipertimbangkan sebagian astronomi:

Lihat daftar topik astronomi untuk daftar halaman yang berhubungan dengan astronomi yang lebih lengkap.

Cara-cara mendapatkan informasi

Dalam astronomi, informasi sebagian besar didapat dari deteksi dan analisis radiasi elektromagnetik, foton, tetapi informasi juga dibawa oleh sinar kosmik, neutrino, dan, dalam waktu dekat, gelombang gravitasional (lihat LIGO dan LISA). Pembagian astronomi secara tradisional dibuat berdasarkan rentang daerah spektrum elektromagnetik yang diamati:

Astronomi optikal menunjuk kepada teknik yang dipakai untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa cahaya pada daerah sekitar panjang gelombang yang bisa dideteksi oleh mata (sekitar 400 - 800 nm). Alat yang paling biasa dipakai adalah teleskop, dengan CCD dan spektrograf.
Astronomi inframerah mengenai deteksi radiasi infra merah (panjang gelombangnya lebih panjang daripada cahaya merah). Alat yang digunakan hampir sama dengan astronomi optik dilengkapi peralatan untuk mendeteksi foton infra merah. Teleskop Ruang Angkasa digunakan untuk mengatasi gangguan pengamatan yang berasal dari atmosfer.
Astronomi radio memakai alat yang betul-betul berbeda untuk mendeteksi radiasi dengan panjang gelombang mm sampai cm. Penerimanya mirip dengan yang dipakai dalam pengiriman siaran radio (yang memakai radiasi dari panjang gelombang itu).

Lihat juga Teleskop Radio.

Astronomi energi tinggi

Astronomi optik dan radio bisa dilakukan di observatorium landas bumi, karena atmosfer transparan pada panjang gelombang itu. Cahaya infra merah benar-benar diserap oleh uap air, sehingga observatorium infra merah terpaksa ditempatkan di tempat kering yang tinggi atau di angkasa.

Atmosfer kedap pada panjang gelombang astronomi sinar-X, astronomi sinar-gamma, astronomi ultra violet dan, kecuali sedikit "jendela" dari panjang gelombang, astronomi infra merah jauh, oleh sebab itu pengamatan bisa dilakukan hanya dari balon atau observatorium luar angkasa.

Sejarah Singkat

Pada bagian awal sejarahnya, astronomi memerlukan hanya pengamatan dan ramalan gerakan benda di langit yang bisa dilihat dengan mata telanjang. Rigveda menunjuk kepada ke-27 rasi bintang yang dihubungkan dengan gerakan matahari dan juga ke-12 Zodiak pembagian langit. Yunani kuno membuatkan sumbangan penting sampai astronomi, di antara mereka definisi dari sistem magnitudo. Alkitab berisi sejumlah pernyataan atas posisi tanah di alam semesta dan sifat bintang dan planet, kebanyakan di antaranya puitis daripada harfiah; melihat Kosmologi Biblikal. Pada tahun 500 M, Aryabhata memberikan sistem matematis yang mengambil tanah untuk berputar atas porosnya dan mempertimbangkan gerakan planet dengan rasa hormat ke matahari.

Penelitian astronomi hampir berhenti selama abad pertengahan, kecuali penelitian astronom Arab. Pada akhir abad ke-9 astronom Muslim al-Farghani (Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani) menulis secara ekstensif tentang gerakan benda langit. Karyanya diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Latin di abad ke-12. Pada akhir abad ke-10, observatorium yang sangat besar dibangun di dekat Teheran, Iran, oleh astronom al-Khujandi yang mengamati rentetan transit garis bujur Matahari, yang membolehkannya untuk menghitung sudut miring dari gerhana. Di Parsi, Umar Khayyām (Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami) menyusun banyak tabel astronomis dan melakukan reformasi kalender yang lebih tepat daripada Kalender Julian dan mirip dengan Kalender Gregorian. Selama Renaisans Copernicus mengusulkan model heliosentris dari Tata Surya. Kerjanya dipertahankan, dikembangkan, dan diperbaiki oleh Galileo Galilei dan Johannes Kepler. Kepler adalah yang pertama untuk memikirkan sistem yang menggambarkan dengan benar detail gerakan planet dengan Matahari di pusat. Tetapi, Kepler tidak mengerti sebab di belakang hukum yang ia tulis. Hal itu kemudian diwariskan kepada Isaac Newton yang akhirnya dengan penemuan dinamika langit dan hukum gravitasinya dapat menerangkan gerakan planet.

Bintang adalah benda yang sangat jauh. Dengan munculnya spektroskop terbukti bahwa mereka mirip matahari kita sendiri, tetapi dengan berbagai temperatur, massa dan ukuran. Keberadaan galaksi kita, Bima Sakti, dan beberapa kelompok bintang terpisah hanya terbukti pada abad ke-20, serta keberadaan galaksi "eksternal", dan segera sesudahnya, perluasan Jagad Raya dilihat di resesi kebanyakan galaksi dari kita.

Kosmologi membuat kemajuan sangat besar selama abad ke-20, dengan model Ledakan Dahsyat yang didukung oleh pengamatan astronomi dan eksperimen fisika, seperti radiasi kosmik gelombang mikro latar belakang, Hukum Hubble dan Elemen Kosmologikal. Untuk sejarah astronomi yang lebih terperinci, lihat sejarah astronomi.

Astronomi di Indonesia

Masyarakat tradisional

Seperti kebudayaan-kebudayaan lain di dunia, masyarakat asli Indonesia sudah sejak lama menaruh perhatian pada langit. Keterbatasan pengetahuan membuat kebanyakan pengamatan dilakukan untuk keperluan astrologi. Pada tingkatan praktis, pengamatan langit digunakan dalam pertanian dan pelayaran. Dalam masyarakat Jawa misalnya dikenal pranatamangsa, yaitu peramalan musim berdasarkan gejala-gejala alam, dan umumnya berhubungan dengan tata letak bintang di langit.

Nama-nama asli daerah untuk penyebutan obyek-obyek astronomi juga memperkuat fakta bahwa pengamatan langit telah dilakukan oleh masyarakat tradisional sejak lama. Lintang Waluku adalah sebutan masyarakat Jawa tradisional untuk menyebut tiga bintang dalam sabuk Orion dan digunakan sebagai pertanda dimulainya masa tanam. Gubuk Penceng adalah nama lain untuk rasi Salib Selatan dan digunakan oleh para nelayan Jawa tradisional dalam menentukan arah selatan. Joko Belek adalah sebutan untuk Planet Mars, sementara lintang kemukus adalah sebutan untuk komet. Sebuah bentangan nebula raksasa dengan fitur gelap di tengahnya disebut sebagai Bimasakti.

Masa modern

Pelaut-pelaut Belanda pertama yang mencapai Indonesia pada akhir abad-16 dan awal abad-17 adalah juga astronom-astronom ulung, seperti Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser dan Frederick de Houtman. Lebih 150 tahun kemudian setelah era penjelajahan tersebut, misionaris Belanda kelahiran Jerman yang menaruh perhatian pada bidang astronomi, Johan Maurits Mohr, mendirikan observatorium pertamanya di Batavia pada 1765. James Cook, seorang penjelajah Inggris, dan Louis Antoine de Bougainville, seorang penjelajah Perancis, bahkan pernah mengunjungi Mohr di observatoriumnya untuk mengamati transit Planet Venus pada 1769^[1].

Ilmu astronomi modern makin berkembang setelah pata tahun 1928, atas kebaikan Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha, seorang pengusaha perkebunan teh di daerah Malabar, dipasang beberapa teleskop besar di Lembang, Jawa Barat, yang menjadi cikal bakal Observatorium Bosscha, sebagaimana dikenal pada masa kini.

Penelitian astronomi yang dilakukan pada masa kolonial diarahkan pada pengamatan bintang ganda visual dan survei langit di belahan selatan ekuator bumi, karena pada masa tersebut belum banyak observatorium untuk pengamatan daerah selatan ekuator.

Setelah Indonesia memperoleh kemerdekaan, bukan berarti penelitian astronomi terhenti, karena penelitian astronomi masih dilakukan dan mulai adanya rintisan astronom pribumi. Untuk membuka jalan kemajuan astronomi di Indonesia, pada tahun 1959, secara resmi dibuka Pendidikan Astronomi di Institut Teknologi Bandung.

Pendidikan Astronomi di Indonesia secara formal dilakukan di Departemen Astronomi, Institut Teknologi Bandung. Departemen Astronomi berada dalam lingkungan Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) dan secara langsung terkait dengan penelitian dan pengamatan di Observatorium Bosscha.

Lembaga negara yang terlibat secara aktif dalam perkembangan astronomi di Indonesia adalah Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN).

Selain pendidikan formal, terdapat wadah informal penggemar astronomi, seperti Himpunan Astronomi Amatir Jakarta, serta tersedianya planetarium di Taman Ismail Marzuki, Jakarta yang selalu ramai dipadati pengunjung.

Perkembangan astronomi di Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan yang pesat, dan mendapat pengakuan di tingkat Internasional, seiring dengan semakin banyaknya pakar astronomi asal Indonesia yang terlibat dalam kegiatan astronomi di seluruh dunia, serta banyaknya siswa SMU yang memenangi Olimpiade Astronomi Internasional maupun Olimpiade Astronomi Asia Pasific.

Demikian juga dengan adanya salah seorang putra terbaik bangsa dalam bidang astronomi di tingkat Internasional, yaitu Profesor Bambang Hidayat yang pernah menjabat sebagai vice president IAU (International Astronomical Union).

Lihat Pula

Alat astronomi

Pranala luar

Organisasi Dalam Negri

Organisasi Internasional

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ J. Voute (1933). "Description of the Observatory". Annalen v. d. Bosscha-sterrenwacht 1: A 14.

Portal Astronomi

Cabang utama dalam Ilmu alam Astronomi · Biologi · Ilmu bumi · Fisika · Kimia